Basics 2

Id: 12
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Introduction

​Basics 2

The NOR/Absolutive case

  • This lesson continues introducing the main parts of the first case in Basque, the NOR/Absolutive case, which is used with the subject of intransitive verbs (verbs without objects) and the object of transitive verbs(verbs with objects), which will be discussed later.

Nor Case, Single Definite

  • Single definite

    • Ending: -a
    • Example: EtxeA (the house)

  • The single definite form of Basque nouns is used give Basque nouns the equivalent of an English article (a/an/the).

  • Izan sentences use the NOR case, so you would add "-a" (mutil → mutila) to single nouns.
  • Note: If the word ends in an "a" in the Indefinite form, another is not added in the Single Definite form.
  • Ex: Neska (girl, a girl, the girl)

Also, if the indefinite form of the word ends in an "r", for the Single Definite form the "r" is normally, but not always, doubled. + Ex: Txakur - txakurra, but paper - papera (not paperra).

Ere(also):

  • Note that the word "ere" goes before the noun it is modifying.
  • Miren ere neska da. Miren is also a girl.

Izan (to be)

  • Izan sentences use the NOR case mentioned above, so you would add "-a" (mutil → mutila) for single definite nouns.

Vocabulary Basics 2

  • gizona: the man
  • emakumea: the woman
  • mutila: the boy
  • ere: also
  • ikasle: student
  • ikaslea: the student
  • irakalse: teacher
  • irakalsea : the teacher
  • Epa!: Hi!

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Words

BasqueEnglishImages
gizona the man,a man ['man1', 'man2', 'man3']
emakumea the woman,a woman ['woman1', 'woman2', 'woman3']
mutila the boy,a boy ['boy1', 'boy2', 'boy3']
ere also None
irakasle teacher ['teacher1', 'teacher2', 'teacher3']
irakaslea the teacher,a teacher ['teacher1', 'teacher2', 'teacher3']
ikasle student ['student1', 'student2', 'student3']
ikaslea the student,a student ['student1', 'student2', 'student3']
epa hi ['hello1', 'hello2', 'hello3']

Phrases

Epa. Ni Aitor naiz. Ni mutila naiz.
Epa. Ni Aitor naiz. Mutila naiz.
Epa. Aitor naiz. Ni mutila naiz.
Epa. Aitor naiz. Mutila naiz.
 Hi. I am Aitor. I am a boy.
Hi. I am Aitor. I am the boy.
Epa. Ni Terese naiz. Ni neska naiz.
Epa. Ni Terese naiz. Neska naiz.
Epa. Terese naiz. Ni neska naiz.
Epa. Terese naiz. Neska naiz.
 Hi. I am Terese. I am a girl.
Hi. I am Terese. I am the girl.
Kaixo. Ni Miren naiz. Ni irakaslea naiz.
Kaixo. Ni Miren naiz. Irakaslea naiz.
Kaixo. Miren naiz. Ni irakaslea naiz.
Kaixo. Miren naiz. Irakaslea naiz.
 Hello. I am Miren. I am a teacher.
Hello. I am Miren. I am the teacher.
Epa. Ni ere irakasle bat naiz.
Epa. Ni ere irakaslea naiz.
Kaixo. Ni ere irakasle bat naiz.
Kaixo. Ni ere irakaslea naiz.
 Hi. I am also one teacher.
Hi. I am also a teacher.
Zu Mikel zara. Zu gizona zara.
Zu Mikel zara. Gizona zara.
Mikel zara. Zu gizona zara.
Mikel zara. Gizona zara.
 You are Mikel. You are a man.
You are Mikel. You are the man.
Zu Aitor zara. Zu ikasle bat zara.
Zu Aitor zara. Ikasle zara.
Aitor zara. Zu ikasle zara.
Aitor zara. Ikasle zara.
 You are Aitor. You are one student.
You are Aitor. You are a student.
Zu Miren zara. Zu emakumea zara.
Zu Miren zara. Emakumea zara.
Miren zara. Zu emakumea zara.
Miren zara. Emakumea zara.
 You are Miren. You are a woman.
You are Miren. You are the woman.
Zu Aitor zara. Zu mutila zara.
Zu Aitor zara. Mutila zara.
Aitor zara. Zu mutila zara.
Aitor zara. Mutila zara.
 You are Aitor. You are a boy.
You are Aitor. You are the boy.
Hura Miren da. Miren emakumea da.
Miren da. Miren emakumea da.
 She is Miren. Miren is a woman.
S
h
e

i
s

M
i
r
e
n
.

M
i
r
e
n

i
s

t
h
e

w
o
m
a
n
.
Miren ere irakaslea da.
 Miren is also a teacher.
Miren is also the teacher.
Hura Terese da. Hura ikaslea da.
Hura Terese da. Ikaslea da.
Terese da. Hura ikaslea da.
Terese da. Ikaslea da.
 She is Terese. She is a student.
She is Terese. She is the student.

Dictionary

EnglishBasque
Aitor ('Aitor (male name)',)
Mikel ('Mikel (male name)',)
Miren ('Miren (female name)',)
Terese ('Terese (female name)',)
I ('ni',)
am ('naiz',)
you ('zu',)
are ('zara',)
he ('hura',)
she ('hura',)
it ('hura',)
is ('da',)
man ('gizon',)
woman ('emakume',)
boy ('mutil',)
girl ('neska',)
teacher ('irakasle',)
student ('ikasle',)
a ('-a',)
the ('-a',)
one ('bat',)
also ('ere',)
hi ('epa',)
hello ('kaixo',)
BasqueEnglish
Aitor ('Aitor (male name)',)
Mikel ('Mikel (male name)',)
Miren ('Miren (female name)',)
Terese ('Terese (female name)',)
ni ('I',)
naiz ('am',)
zu ('you',)
zara ('are',)
hura ('he',)
da ('is',)
gizon ('man',)
gizona ('a man', 'the man')
emakaume ('woman',)
emakumea ('a woman', 'the woman')
mutil ('boy',)
mutila ('a boy', 'the boy')
neska ('girl', 'a girl', 'the girl')
irakasle ('teacher',)
irakaslea ('a teacher', 'the teacher')
ikasle ('student',)
ikaslea ('a student', 'the student')
bat ('one',)
ere ('also',)
epa ('hi',)
kaixo ('hello',)